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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

坚守科研报国初心 提升国家网络自主创新能力******

坚守科研报国初心 提升国家网络自主创新能力

讲述人：中国工程院院士、北京交通大学移动专用网络国家工程研究中心主任 张宏科

光明日报记者 靳晓燕 光明日报通讯员 何菲

　　“加快实施创新驱动发展战略”“加快实现高水平科技自立自强”“必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力”……“创新”是党的二十大报告中的关键词。实施科教兴国战略，强化现代化建设中人才支撑作用，进一步提升了科技创新的战略地位。这为广大科技工作者指明了前进方向、明确了战略任务。作为一名科技工作者与高校教师，我备受鼓舞，深感责任重大。

　　我们一切的科研工作需由“创新”引领。要从宏观层面出发，研制出自主可控、可兼容替代、性能先进的网络体系，为未来互联网发展搭好基本框架；要加速推进信息领域核心技术突破，发挥信息化对经济社会发展的驱动引领作用，维护国家网络安全，为把我国建设成为网络强国而努力奋斗。

　　与此同时，信息网络是国家重要的战略资源，近年来已经成为大国博弈的核心，是经济发展、社会进步的决定性因素之一。在国家政策扶持下，我与团队成员致力于构筑维护国家网络安全、具有自主知识产权的新型互联网体系，破解该领域的核心技术难题，紧密结合我国实际，逐步落实战略目标、推进重点领域应用。目前，我们团队已经将新型网络发展到第三代，在新型网络原理、机制以及体系架构方面取得了重大进展，研制了相关核心设备和系统，并在特定行业进行了示范应用，有效满足了行业用户需求，初步实现了网络自主可控、替代兼容等目标。

　　多年来，我和同事们携手攻克一个又一个技术难题，夜以继日，甘心如荠。如果说科研上取得了一些细微成果，其归功于新时代以来祖国大力建设发展网络事业提供的广阔舞台，源于北交大一流高水准的科教平台，始于源远流长的科研报国精神。我深切感受到，只有将“小我”融入国家“大我”，才能实现人生价值。

　　我深深认同习近平总书记提出的“强起来要靠创新，创新要靠人才”的理念。作为高校教师，我秉承“德为人先、学为人师、行为世范”的准则，以“教书和育人相统一、言传和身教相统一”为目标，自觉履行教书育人的神圣职责，渴望为党和国家培养一批优秀人才。

　　牢记习近平总书记嘱托，我们要以国家战略需求为导向，继续“撸起袖子加油干”，打破国外垄断，提升国家网络自主创新能力，为世界新型网络发展提供中国思路、交大方案。引导同学们加强政治学习，及时了解把握国家的发展方向，树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，将自身发展融入国家和行业发展，并把科研报国的精神传递下去，坚决打赢关键核心技术攻坚战。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月09日 05版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）