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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

别把“舌尖浪费”当面子******

　　“新华视点”记者春节前后在上海、山西、广东等多地调查发现，在婚宴、商务宴请、豪华酒店中，“舌尖上的浪费”仍然时有发生。(1月31日新华网)

　　“一粥一饭，当思来之不易；半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。”近年来，绿色低碳新风扑面，节约粮食、倡导光盘已成为社会共识。但与此同时，舌尖上的消费逆流时有抬头，宴会更是餐桌浪费“重灾区”，各类餐饮浪费现象仍需警惕。当前，随着疫情防控进入新阶段，各地餐饮业加速复苏，尤须强化节约意识，减少餐饮浪费。

　　餐饮浪费背后多是“面子问题”，换句话说，可称之为“面子”浪费。结婚摆宴讲究“宁多勿少”，春节家宴被搞成“剩宴”，商务宴请讲排场摆阔气，这些浪费行为背后都是“面子”在作怪。在“好面子”的裹挟下，按量点菜、餐中光盘、余食打包这些好习惯被贴上抠门、不爽利等标签，甚至还有少数人拿浪费当标榜，把大吃大喝、铺张攀比视为有身份、消费档次高的象征。凡此种种，都侵蚀着个人文明修养，消解着社会文明风尚。

　　于个人，杜绝舌尖上的浪费，关键在把好“人情关”。中国人重情义，逢年过节人情往来必不可少。宴请是情谊的联结，不该成为浪费的温床。我们必须明白，吃饭是肚子的事不是面子的事，剩了多少饭菜不但不能标刻情谊的深度，反会让有节俭意识者感到不适。婚丧嫁娶、朋友聚会、商务活动，适度备餐、点餐，文明、健康用餐，无疑是更好的选择。勤俭节约既是传统美德，也是生活必修课。从现在起，不妨与亲友一道弘扬舌尖新“食”尚，一起“光盘”把文明留下。

　　于社会，杜绝舌尖上的浪费是道综合题，须合力破解。既要更新观念，大力营造绿色低碳、理性消费的社会风气，让更多人主动养成节俭、适度的餐饮习惯；又要优化经营，向技术要进步、向创新要发展，如企业加强数字化管理，围绕点餐量、剩菜量做好统计分析，集中备料减少损耗、合理调整菜品分量、按需加工提高利用率、探索推广食材资源共享等；还要完善监管，驰而不息纠治餐饮浪费，相关法规执行、监督工作也要细化跟进。

　　节约精神永不过时。对餐饮浪费说“不”，益当下、利长远，于己于人于社会都大有裨益。多向发力、齐力推进，相信舌尖上的浪费越来越少，舌尖上的文明之花会越开越盛。　　　　　　(张冬梅)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）